The problem is far bigger than Jeffrey Epstein

 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/aug/03/jeffrey-epstein-violence-women

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Why We Remember Katrina

 https://popularresistance.org/why-we-remember-katrina/

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Brazilian indigenous leader Sonia Bone Guajajara talks to Chris Hedges on RT

https://youtu.be/A4z1cmyM3hc?si=dv_ChaECqUnpIEEE

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Greenland Tells Trump it Will Only Consider Joining US After it Sees Epstein Files

 https://www.borowitzreport.com/p/greenland-tells-trump-it-will-only

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

The Great Hoax Against Venezuela: Oil Geopolitics Disguised as a War on Drugs

https://www.telesurenglish.net/opinion/the-great-hoax-against-venezuela-oil-geopolitics-disguised-as-a-war-on-drugs/

~~ recommended by tpx ~~

City-owned grocers may be a lifeline for the food insecure — but they’re not the only public model

 https://foodprint.org/blog/public-grocer/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Efficiency as a Form of Graft

 https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/august-27-2025?utm_source=post-email-title&publication_id=20533&post_id=172148432&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=16jbk&triedRedirect=true&utm_medium=email

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Dog Days of Summer ~~ Music Friday for Class Strugglers

 https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/12/arts/music/amplifier-newsletter-dog-days-summer-songs.html/searchResultPosition=2

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

On this day August 27, 1960 Sit-In Demonstrators Attacked in Jacksonville, Florida

 https://eji.us20.list-manage.com/track/click/u=5302a55650ba8ed477e3a2953&id=6387c9a450&e=c214e6d6a2

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

What Are We Waiting For?

 https://spectrejournal.com/what-are-we-waiting-for-2/

~~ recommended by tpx ~~

Reframing Jan. 6: After the Pardons, the Purge

 https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/24/nyregion/january-6-capitol-riot-prosecutors.html?utm_source=newsshowcase&utm_medium=gnews&utm_campaign=CDAQgJzFhabTlN4TGMziwtrXp_TyiAEqDwgAKgcICjCO64oDMJavPA&utm_content=rundown&gaa_at=la&gaa_n=ASWzDAiaGYfqH3XP9D4m-o1x1aPStZTuObhDYmIPWZveziIFyMcgRwEHxUEVOBg3FL0Nd_BbXRxBMefteXWMvsOdEwiA1DtU_w%3D%3D&gaa_ts=68ab39de&gaa_sig=MhzCTFz2j6iidf5ityw39AEzXgWKz2ayPJ6GEecMPojWqeq9IpLmcGJ_g0t3N8ZclzmBemSwRVZqvLEgtgqn5Q%3D%3D

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

The National Guard's Anti-You Quick Reaction Force By Spencer Ackerman • 27 Aug 2025

https://www.forever-wars.com/r/890fb61e?m=b656041a-c61a-4a6b-910d-7d396ec2db1f

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Why Trump built a staff of incompetent sycophants

 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/aug/25/trump-staff-incompetent-sycophants/CMP=fb_gu&utm_medium=Social_img&utm_source=Facebook#Echobox=1756126811

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~

Justice and Kindness and Empathy

 Justice and Kindness

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

What You Need To Know About Ending Cash Bail

 https://www.americanprogress.org/article/ending-cash-bail/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Trump and the Right-wing Attack on Science, Climate Science in this Instance

1). “Trump terminates satellite data considered crucial to storm forecasting”, Jun 27, 2025, Chelsea Harvey, E&E News, at < https://www.eenews.net/articles/trump-terminates-satellite-data-considered-crucial-to-storm-forecasting/ >.

2). “Critical Hurricane Forecast Tool Abruptly Terminated: U.S. Department of Defense announced Tuesday it would no longer process and deliver data essential to most hurricane forecasts”, Jun 26, 2025, Michael Lowry, Eye on the Tropics, at < https://michaelrlowry.substack.com/p/critical-hurricane-forecast-tool >.

3). “Why a NASA satellite that scientists and farmers rely on may be destroyed on purpose”, Aug 4, 2025, Rebecca Hersher, NPR, Morning Edition, audio report 3 minutes long, text version posted at site, at < https://www.npr.org/2025/08/04/nx-s1-5453731/nasa-carbon-dioxide-satellite-mission-threatened >.

4). “Trump orders NASA to kill 2 satellites that can function for many more years - the reason will shock all”, Aug 6, 2025, Shreya Biswas, The Economic Times (English Edition), at < https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/trumps-shocking-order-to-terminate-vital-carbon-emission-satellitestrump-orders-nasa-to-kill-2-satellites-that-can-function-for-many-more-years-the-reason-will-shock-all-science-news-nasa-news/articleshow/123122943.cms >.

5). “The perfectly fine, already-paid-for satellites Trump wants to destroy in a fiery atmospheric reentry”, Aug 13, 2025, Andrew Freedman, CNN, at < https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/13/climate/nasa-satellites-trump-budget-cuts-weather >.

6). “Trump admin strips ocean and air pollution monitoring from next-gen weather satellites”, Aug 20, 2025, Andrew Freedman, CNN, at < https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/20/weather/noaa-satellites-climate-trump?iid=cnn_buildContentRecirc_end_recirc&recs_exp=up-next-article-end&tenant_id=related.en >. 

7). “White House outlines plan to gut NOAA, smother climate research: The agency’s Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research would be 'eliminated as a line office,' according to a memo from the Office of Management and Budget”. April 11, 2025, Daniel Cusick, Chelsea Harvey & Scott Waldman, Politico, at < https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/11/white-house-plan-guts-noaa-climate-research-00286408 >.

~~ recommended by dmorista ~~

Review: John Reed, Ten Days That Shook the World Barney Doherty

https:/tab=rm&ogbl#inbox/WhctKLbmkBWtPGCQDTpWFjGjZVHDstblbVJVPMmGdbFTzhVTDMwCtWfWLZdfKFhpcFCNZxl?projector=1&messagePartId=0.1

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Kilowatt Madness Trump’s electricity crisis — and ours By Paul Krugman

 https://paulkrugman.substack.com/p/kilowatt-madness

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Good for Jack White for Firing Back at the "Fascist" Trump Paul Street

 https://open.substack.com/pub/paulstreet/p/good-for-jack-white/r=nsdhl&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=false

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Reviving Louise Bryant

 https://mronline.org/2025/08/22/reviving-louise-bryant/?mc_cid=b3502c3975&mc_eid=d763a9eef7

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

James Dobson, Godfather of Child Abuse, Finally Dies By Sam Thielman • 22 Aug 2025

 https://www.forever-wars.com/r/98ca773e?m=b656041a-c61a-4a6b-910d-7d396ec2db1f

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Tedeschi Trucks Band ~~ Music Friday for Class Strugglers

 https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2025/08/14/tedeschi-trucks-band-interview/85654929007/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

North Carolina Waiting on Millions in FEMA Preparedness Grants as Hurricane Hits

 https://truthout.org/articles/north-carolina-waiting-on-millions-in-fema-preparedness-grants-as-hurricane-hits/

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Travails of Empire: Waging Colonial Wars From a Deindustrailized Authoritarian Homeland

1). “U.S. Munitions Supply DANGEROUSLY LOW Former DoD Official Warns”, Aug 19, 2025, Glen Greenwald interviews Dan Caldwell, former Trump Regime Pentagon official, System Update with Glen Greenwald, duration of video 29:19, at < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLadDHhG8Tc >.

2). “Amerika: MAGA, China, Imperial Decline, Democracy”, Mar 27, 2025, John Keane, 6-part article, tab for parts at bottom left of each page, (Preparatory notes originally prepared for the session ‘US Foreign Policy and Its Implications for Asia-Pacific Cooperation’, Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference, March 2025), JohnKeane.Net, at < https://www.johnkeane.net/amerika-maga-china-imperial-decline-democracy/ >

~~ recommended by dmorista ~~

Trump says the Smithsonian focuses too much on 'how bad slavery was'

 https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-smithsonian-how-bad-slavery-was-review-museums-rcna225964

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

The August 15th Alaska Meeting and the Weakened Position of the U.S. in the Global Hierarchy

1). “What Drove Trump to Retreat From Ceasefire Push? | Alastair Crooke”, Aug 19, 2025, Andrew Napolitano interviews Alastair Crooke who discusses the Alaska Meeting of Putin and Trump and its ramifications, İlknur çokyaman@Iiknurcokyaman, duration of video 50:08, at < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie9dCcrkPWE >

2). “Trump and Putin's Summit EXPLAINED (w/ Ray McGovern)”, Aug 17, 2025, Robert Scheer interviews Ray McGovern, Scheer Post, duration of video 33:05, at < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Po8IhT5uRkw >.

3). “The U.S. Just LOST EVERYTHING – End of American Power | Richard D. Wolff and Micheal Hudson”, Aug 17, 2025, Wolff & Hudson interviewed by and discuss issues with Nima Alkhorshid, Dialogue Works, duration of video 39:03, at < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OztiggxrRjQ >.

4). “US Dollar in FREE FALL: Trump PANICS, Putin & China Plot BRICS Currency Coup w/ Ben Norton”, Aug 14, 2025, Danny Haiphong interviews Ben Norton, Danny Haiphong, duration of video 1:44:54, at < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePjbDnjgyhA >.

5). “John Helmer: Trump Ditches Ceasefire? Despite EU & Zelensky Pressure”, Aug 19, 2025, Nima Alkhorshid interviews John Helmer, Dialogue Works, duration of video 102:42, at < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__g35vguwzw >.

6). “Paul Craig Roberts: Trump–Putin Deal EXPOSED: Will the Power Elites KILL the Agreement?”, Aug 18, 2025, Nima Alkhorshid interviews Paul Craig Roberts, Dialogue Works, duration of video 53:42, at < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzceFcbljvg&t=83s >.

~~ recommended by dmorista ~~

The Cesspool: Unveiling the Ties: - Trump, Epstein, and the Modeling Industry (1980s–2000s)

 https://youtu.be/5WuClYS2GBo?si=6YDZUsMMOZDQ5p39

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

"Crime" And The Occupation of D.C.

 https://www.forever-wars.com/r/4ecdd5ed?m=b656041a-c61a-4a6b-910d-7d396ec2db1f

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Israel must allow independent Investigations of Palestinian Journalist Killings – and let international Media into Gaza

 https://www.juancole.com/2025/08/independent-investigations-international.html

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Debunking the Myth that Conservatives Want "Small Government"

 https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=2550223&post_id=171212530&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=rovhk&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0NjUxMDE4NCwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTcxMjEyNTMwLCJpYXQiOjE3NTU0NTgyMzIsImV4cCI6MTc1ODA1MDIzMiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTI1NTAyMjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.y8aoNZsGekLd7um6YEcd5PR4mlA9OnlS4tdtg-c1dKY

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

The eternal wait for Godot

 https://www.dawn.com/news/1931226/the-eternal-wait-for-godot

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Roaming Charges: From Police State to Military Police State Jeffrey St. Clair

 Roaming Charges

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Declassified: CIA’s Covert Ukraine Invasion Plan

 https://scheerpost.com/2025/08/18/declassified-cias-covert-ukraine-invasion-plan/

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Israeli government official arrested in Nevada in internet crimes against children sting

 https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/aug/16/nevada-arrest-israeli-official

~~ recommended by dmar3 ~~

Exclusive: Rubio Offers Ass Kissing Bonus to Diplomats

 https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=7677&post_id=171142156&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=rovhk&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0NjUxMDE4NCwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTcxMTQyMTU2LCJpYXQiOjE3NTUzNjc5MzAsImV4cCI6MTc1Nzk1OTkzMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTc2NzciLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.5G2zAyGp_XlPJPea4bjovldO9Tm48Z1JjAa3zwvebCU

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Trump and RFK Jr. sneak attack underway to kill Obamacare

 https://peoplesworld.org/article/trump-and-rfk-jr-sneak-attack-underway-to-kill-obamacare/?emci=7cdb93cc-ec79-f011-b481-6045bdfe8e9c&emdi=5206ef00-ff79-f011-b481-6045bdfe8e9c&ceid=5664095

~~ recommended by loren bliss ~~

NOTES ON AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY ~~ by collectivist action

 NOTES ON AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY

Part 1

 

By Collectivist Action

‘Fleetwood Mac’ at 50: A Marvel of Serendipity and Perfectionism ~~ Music Friday for Class Strugglers

 https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/07/arts/music/fleetwood-mac-50th-anniversary.html

 recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Epstein's estate disputes there were 1,000+ victims

 Epstein's Estate Disputes there were 1000+ Victims

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Mamdani’s Victory Over Fear ~~ Spencer Ackerman

 https://www.thenation.com/article/society/zohran-mamdani-9-11-new-york-politics/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

The Billionaires in the Epstein Files and Their Ties to Israel

 Epstein Ties to Israel

https://youtu.be/yvIES2RwanQ?si=xx0BSuJVLmE5tgxq

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Daily news on the American Clownshow - Heather Cox Richardson and Chris Zappa

 https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/august-12-2025

https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3329605&post_id=170865967&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=rovhk&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0NjUxMDE4NCwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTcwODY1OTY3LCJpYXQiOjE3NTUxMDYwNTQsImV4cCI6MTc1NzY5ODA1NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTMzMjk2MDUiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.ycmWVyNDpXg07jz5jd4p7VUZA6YmTPfAgFk51UvF_GI

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Black and Brown NYers at Risk from Project 2025 in Coming Census

 https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2025/08/07/will-project-2025-taget-us-through-the-census/?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Newsletter%208/13/24%20(Morning)&utm_source=ActiveCampaign

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Trump’s War on Immigrants Is a Trojan Horse to Normalize Domestic Use of the Military

https://www.counterpunch.org/2025/08/12/trumps-war-on-immigrants-is-a-trojan-horse-to-normalize-domestic-use-of-the-military/

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

This Isn’t How You Deal With Free Riders

 https://www.aei.org/op-eds/this-isnt-how-you-deal-with-free-riders/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Trump Deploys National Guard, Takes Over Washington, DC Police

 https://popularresistance.org/trump-deploys-national-guard-takes-over-washington-dc-police/

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

F**king Mondays: The End of Democracy, Favors for Pedophiles, and Invented Crime Statistics

 https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3774&post_id=170596383&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=rovhk&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0NjUxMDE4NCwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTcwNTk2MzgzLCJpYXQiOjE3NTQ5MTI3MDMsImV4cCI6MTc1NzUwNDcwMywiaXNzIjoicHViLTM3NzQiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.tQYXVYynSY6FnnT8YuWT9V4TBLbqevmI9Bz7z4pcvDw

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Russian sanctions have failed, but its buffers are eroding

 https://www.intellinews.com/comment-russian-sanctions-have-failed-but-its-buffers-are-eroding-394382/?source=russia

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Capitalism Hits Home: Epstein — A Marriage of Capitalist Corruption and Misogyny

 https://youtu.be/atOZISnxnLk?si=Rza5Xv7BUeWsSrjw

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

From Russian Interference to Revisionist Innuendo: What the Gabbard Files Actually Say

 https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/from-russian-interference-to-revisionist-innuendo--what-the-gabbard-files-actually-say?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Richard Wolff: Trump Is In MUCH Deeper Trouble Than I Anticipated

 https://youtu.be/gBGYaf252ZA?si=bezJGjGjfzAtlG-V

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

The Band Lyric Where Robbie Robertson Connected His Canadian Home With the American South ~~ music friday for class clustlerglers

https://americansongwriter.com/the-band-lyric-where-robbie-robertson-connected-his-canadian-home-with-merican-sout

~~recommended by emil karpo ~~

The masks have finally come off | MR Online

 https://mronline.org/2025/08/07/the-masks-have-finally-come-off//mc_cid=968c663780&mc_eid=d763a9eef7

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

White America Fights for Democracy

 https://opiniojuris.org/2025/04/09/white-america-fights-for-democracy/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

The Christian Zionist View of Foreign Policy Is Holy War

 truthout.org/articles/the-christian-zionist-view-of-foreign-policy-is-holy-war/

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Professors are Starting to Leave and Students are not coming, This is the First Stage of Progressive People Abandoning the U.S. Permanently

1). “History Warns us About the Dangers of Trump’s Brain Drain”, Jul 29, 2025, Chipo Dendere & Kellie Carter-Jackson, Time, at < https://time.com/7298847/history-dangers-trumps-brain-drain/ >.

2). “The Brain Drain That Is Killing America’s Economy”, Jan 21, 2022, Parag Khanna, Time, at < https://time.com/6140707/americas-brain-drain-economy/ >.

3). “France and EU to incentivise US-based scientists to come to Europe: Macron and von der Leyen expected to announce protections for researchers seeking to relocate amid Trump’s crackdown”, May 4, 2025, Angelique Chrisafis, The Guardian, at < https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/04/france-eu-us-based-scientists-come-to-europe-emmanuel-macron-ursula-von-der-leyen >.

4). “European universities offer ‘scientific asylum’ to US researchers fleeing Trump’s cuts: Academics from US hoping to escape funding freezes and ideological impositions are being actively recruited”, Mar 25, 2025, Ashifa Kassam, The Guardian, at < https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/25/europe-universities-us-researchers-trump-administration-science >.

5). “Ireland hopes to entice academics as US becomes ‘a cold place for free thinkers’: Proposed scheme involves talent scouts offering attractive packages to tempt academics and lecturers from abroad”, May 13, 2025, Rory Carroll, The Guardian, at < https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/13/ireland-hopes-to-entice-academics-us-cold-place-for-free-thinkers >.

~~ recommended by dmorista ~~

From printing presses to Facebook feeds: What yesterday’s witch hunts have in common with today’s misinformation crisis

 https://theconversation.com/from-printing-presses-to-facebook-feeds-what-yesterdays-witch-hunts-have-in-common-with-todays-misinformation-crisis-260995

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Redistricting: Texas / Florida / Ohio vs California / Illinois / New York & More States.

 “As Redistricting War Looms, Republicans Have More Plausible Gerrymandering Targets than Democrats”, Jul 24, 2025, Kyle Kondik, The Center for Politics, Sabato’s Crystal Ball, at < https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/as-redistricting-war-looms-republicans-have-more-plausible-opportunities-than-democrats/ >.

~~ recommended by dmorista ~~

New York county clerk refuses $100K Texas judgment against doctor in abortion lawsuit Rachel Ettlinger | New York Law School, US

 https://www.jurist.org/news/2025/03/new-york-county-clerk-refuses-100k-texas-judgment-against-doctor-in-abortion-lawsuit/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

Born Into A Hate Group: survivor tells all

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Duj8huDD0Wo

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

This Week in ‘Nation’ History: Hiroshima and the Roots of American Secrecy

 https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/week-nation-history-hiroshima-and-roots-american-secrecy/

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

250 Million-Strong General Strike in India! Positive Leftist News Roundup, July 2025

250 Million General Strike in India

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Ghislane Maxwell Moved to a Club Fed type Minimum Security Prison

 “Jeffrey Epstein Victims and Family Blast Trump for Ghislane Maxwell Prison Transfer”, Aug 1, 2025, Dan Mangan, CNBC, at < https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/01/jeffrey-epstein-ghislaine-maxwell-prison-florida-texas.html >.

“Epstein victims slam government decision to move Ghislaine Maxwell to cushy 'Club Fed' prison”, Aug 1, 2025, Germania Rodriguez Poleo & Daniel Bates, The Daily Mail, at < https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14963215/Ghislaine-Maxwell-wins-prison-concession-trump-pardon.html >

~~ recommended by dmorista ~~

(apologies from NB - I did not see this the other day when it was sent)

The Hippocratic Underground

 https://www.thenation.com/article/society/hippocratic-underground-doctors-nurses-resistance/?custno=&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Weekly%208.1.2025&utm_term=weekly#

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

A Judge’s Conflict of Interest Over Jeffrey Epstein Documents

 https://jacobin.com/2025/07/epstein-files-preska-donziger-conflict

~~ recommended by newestbeginning ~~

Former NYPD Commissioner Accuses Mayor Adams of Running “Criminal Enterprise” and Cites ProPublica Investigation

 https://www.propublica.org/article/lawsuit-nyc-mayor-eric-adams-community-response-team-thomas-donlon

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~

When climate becomes class war | MR Online

 https://mronline.org/2025/07/30/when-climate-becomes-class-war/?mc_cid=a34be42d85&mc_eid=d763a9eef

~~ recommended by collectivist action ~~

Slam Stewart ~~ Music Friday for Class Strugglers

~~ recommended by emil karpo ~~